Sierra Leone is known for its blood diamonds that were mined and sold to diamond conglomerates during the civil war, to buy the weapons that fuelled its atrocities. When the ships left them in September, their numbers had been reduced to "276 persons, namely 212 black men, 30 black women, 5 white men and 29 white women". The Temne and Mende people especially refused to pay, attacking and looting trading stations, and killing policemen, missionaries, and all those suspected of assisting the colonial government. [158] As a result, the commercialisation of firewood and coal has been a point of contention with aid donors and government agencies such as the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources and the Forestry Division. They are descendants of traders from Guinea who migrated to Sierra Leone during the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. Since the end of hostilities in January 2002, massive infusions of outside assistance have helped Sierra Leone begin to recover.[147]. There are four districts in the Northern Province: The Southern Province of Sierra Leone has the most coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Momoh broke from former President Siaka Stevens by integrating the powerful SSD into the Sierra Leone Police as a special paramilitary force. [131] Typically, chiefs have the power to "raise taxes, control the judicial system, and allocate land, the most important resource in rural areas. [39] However, on the voyage between Plymouth, England and Sierra Leone, seventy European girlfriends and wives accompanied the Black Poor settlers. Mining of diamonds in the east and other minerals expanded, drawing labourers there from other parts of the country. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). Be the first to get the latest news, music and videos trending in Sierra Leone. The African country of Sierra Leone is divided into five major areas. After nine months in office, the junta was overthrown by the Nigerian-led ECOMOG forces, and the democratically elected government of president Kabbah was reinstated in February 1998. The war was later known as the Hut Tax War. The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL) ran one of the most popular stations in the country, broadcasting programs in a range of languages. The Aberdenn-Lumley area is a favourite destination for those venturing into the city's nightlife. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown operated by ProCredit Bank. The districts are further divided into a total of 190 (prior to 2017, 149) chiefdoms,[1] whose elected leaders provided most of local government from 1896 to 2004, when they were supplemented by elected local councils. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Combined, the two provinces had a total land area of 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles), but there is no official measure of the areas of the new individual provinces. It appears that she committed suicide at the age of fifty-five, perhaps due to the loss of support from her own people. Bunce Island, an island on the Sierra Leone River, was used as a base for European slavers as a place for slave ships to dock before sailing via the Middle Passage to the Americas. As head of the armed forces, General Momoh had been loyal to Stevens, who had appointed him to the position. [49] Black settlers in Sierra Leone enjoyed much more autonomy than their white equivalent in European countries. [156] To ensure that the Energy Africa goal is met, Sierra Leone has agreed to remove its import duties and Value Added Tax (VAT) on certified solar products. Population data comes from the most recent census conducted in the country in 2015. Krio is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone, spoken by 97% of the country's population. Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "tens of thousands" of Sierra Leoneans in the Protectorate.[67]. Falaba District Falaba District is a district in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Former President Siaka Stevens' government had sought closer relations with other West African countries under the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) a policy continued by the current government. Since 1985, the nation did not conduct any census for 19 years. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament . The amount of illegal fishing has significantly depleted fish stocks, depriving local fishing communities of an important resource for survival. Habitat degradation for the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus, has been increased, such that this canid is deemed to have been extirpated in Sierra Leone. The brutal civil war that was going on in neighbouring Liberia played a significant role in the outbreak of fighting in Sierra Leone. . Aside from the human cost, the outbreak was severely eroding the economy. But at the equivalent tournament in 2006, Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League, it finished as runner-up to Mozambique, and just missed promotion to Division Two. Poyo bars are areas of lively informal debate about politics, football, basketball, entertainment and other issues. They have no tradition of origin, and it is believed that they have lived in Sierra Leone since before the European encounter. [21] "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a key debate topic and this quickly became a point of national discussion. But if a woman gets married, she will not be entitled as the head of the house any more. [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. The largest district geographically, Koinadugu, has a much lower density of 21.4 persons per square km. Thomas Peters pressed British authorities for relief and more aid; together with British abolitionist John Clarkson, the Sierra Leone Company was established to relocate Black Loyalists who wanted to take their chances in West Africa. On 16 January 1996, after about four years in power, Strasser was arrested in a palace coup staged by his fellow NPRC soldiers led by Brigadier Bio at the Defence Headquarters in Freetown. In the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079. A strong free journalistic tradition developed with the creation of several newspapers. ITV and SATCON are currently operational. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. The city is the main economic center of the province. Print. In the map below, youll be able to see the borders of all 16 districts in Sierra Leone. Each district has both major and small cities and towns. A new constitution was adopted in 1971, paving the way for Sierra Leone becoming a republic, and Siaka Stevens, leader of the All People's Congress (APC), becoming the first executive president of the Republic of Sierra Leone. Stevens held on to this position for 14 years (until 1985) under a one-party system of government facilitated by the controversial 1978 Constitution. The Vai are largely Muslim majority at about 90%, while the Kru are virtually all Christians at over 99%. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 16 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 16 administrative districts. In 1896 it annexed these areas, declaring them the Sierra Leone Protectorate. There are also other popular beaches like the world renowned River Number 2 Beach, Laka Beach, Tokeh Beach, Bureh Beach, and Mama Beach. The situation in the country deteriorated to such an extent that British troops were deployed in Operation Palliser, originally simply to evacuate foreign nationals. Much of the recovery will depend on the success of the government's efforts to limit corruption by officials, which many feel was the chief cause of the civil war. Children, youth and adult are frequently seen playing street football across Sierra Leone. These provinces are then divided into 16 districts, which are further divided into 190 chiefdoms. . Sierra Leone operates a floating exchange rate system, and foreign currencies can be exchanged at any of the commercial banks, recognised foreign exchange bureaux and most hotels. [35] The Dutch and French also started arriving and set up trade near the coast. There are 11,300 kilometres (7,000 miles) of highways in Sierra Leone, of which 904km (562mi)[103] are paved (about 8% of the roads). Rising above the plateau are a number of mountain masses; in the northeast, the Loma Mountains are crowned by Mount Loma Mansa (Mount Bintimani) at 6,391 feet (1,948 metres), and the Tingi Mountains rise to 6,080 feet (1,853 metres) at Sankanbiriwa Peak. Based on 2015 estimates of the population of Sierra Leone, 77% of the population are Muslims, 22% are Christians, and 1% practise African traditional religion. [158] There have been strong pushes for both solar and hydropower to become the dominant sources of energy in Sierra Leone because of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goal number seven (affordable and clean energy). Female. Margai appointed many non-Creoles to the country's civil service in Freetown, in an overall diversification of the civil service in the capital, which had been dominated by members of the Creole ethnic group. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. Problems experienced with access to the Internet include an intermittent electricity supply and a slow connection speed in the country outside Freetown. According to a 2020 estimates by the Pew Research Center[175] 78.5% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims (mostly Sunni), 20.4% are Christians (mostly Protestants) and 1.1% belong to a traditional African religion or other beliefs. [106], Human activities claimed to be responsible or contributing to land degradation in Sierra Leone include unsustainable agricultural land use, poor soil and water management practices, deforestation, removal of natural vegetation, fuelwood consumption and to a lesser extent overgrazing and urbanisation. Kenema is also governed by an elected city council and headed by a Mayor. Its now home to a diverse group of inhabitants and is also where the Bai Bureh Warriors hail from, one of Sierra Leones oldest and most famous football clubs. Prior to 2017, the area of the North West Province was included in the Northern Province, and its cumulative area measured 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles). The Kono are descendants of migrants from Guinea; today their workers are known primarily as diamond miners. Makeni is home to the largest private university in Sierra Leone; University of Makeni and St. Francis Secondary School which is one of Sierra Leone's most prominent schools. The Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone estimated that 77% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims, 21% are Christians, and 2% are followers of traditional African religion. [16] Muslims make up about three-quarters of the population, though with an influential Christian minority. Educated Krios held numerous positions in the colonial government, giving them status and well-paying positions. The third-largest ethnic group are the Limba at about 8.4% of the population. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). The two districts of the Western Area are: As of 2017, there are 16 Sierra Leone districts. To be elected president of Sierra Leone, a candidate must gain at least 55% of the vote. In September 2017, a Sierra Leone-based Nigerian Pentecostal Christian pastor name Victor Ajisafe was arrested by the Sierra Leone Police and held in jail after he made controversial remarks against Islam and Sierra Leonean Muslims in particular at his church sermon in the capital Freetown. After a trial that lasted a few months, Bangura was convicted and sentenced to death. The interior plateau and mountain region, encompassing roughly the eastern half of the country, is composed mainly of granite with a thick laterite (iron-bearing) crust; to the west, it is bounded by a narrow outcrop of mineral-bearing metamorphic rocks known as the Kambui Schists. In addition to being Sierra Leones capital and largest city, Freetown is a major port city and utilizes one of the worlds largest natural deep water harbors. This is where Freetown is located, and its also the smallest district in size by a large margin. Also in 2004, a UN-backed war crimes court began holding trials of senior leaders from both sides of the war. Deforestation rates have increased 7.3% since the end of the civil war. Waterloo is a major urban transport hub and lies on the . Bonthe is one of the sixteen districts of Sierra Leone. The Crown subdued the revolt by bringing in forces of more than 500Jamaican Maroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. They resisted payment of taxes, tensions over the new colonial requirements and the administration's suspicions towards the chiefs, led to the Hut Tax war of 1898, also called the Temne-Mende War. Strasser was later ousted by his army colleague and second-in-command Julius Maada Bio, for failing to commit to a quick transfer to civilian rule. The British were the catalyst for the ceasefire that ended the civil war. agreement & 5 others, Sierra Leone admits to low supply of fuel, Sierra Leone: Audit reveals corrupt practice in defence, agriculture, education, police, Sacked Sierra Leone VP takes case to ECOWAS Court, Sierra Leone detains top football officials, Sierra Leone electoral commission to start boundary delimitation, Sierra Leone Parliament challenges Disaster Bill, Sierra Leone Court Martial, defence rejects president, SANUSI COVID-19 indices update (09/12/20). There is high unemployment, particularly among the youth and ex-combatants. This allowed the crown to organize labour forces for timber cutting or mining, to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations as far away as the Congo. [51], The Sierra Leone Company, controlled by London investors, refused to allow the settlers to take freehold of the land. Its numerous creeks and estuaries contain mangrove swamps. [30], Sierra Leone's dense tropical rainforest and swampy environment were considered impenetrable; it was also host to the tsetse fly, which carried a disease fatal to horses and the zebu cattle used by the Mande-speaking people. Different sources give different estimates. The capital of this province is Kenema, which is the economic center of the region and one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the country. Cultural events and festivals are also organized in the city on a regular basis. The name Yalunka literally means "inhabitants of the Jallon (mountains)". After Pedro da Cintras discovery, foreign influence in the area increased and trade commenced between the locals and Europeans in the form of a barter system. Its also the seat of the Sierra Leone government. [160] This initiative falls under the Energy Africa access campaign which seeks to provide electricity to 14 different African countries by 2030. [184] Shia Islam does not have a strong presence in Sierra Leone, and there are virtually no Shia Muslims in the country. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. (2003) Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". [126][127] The RSLMF remained a single-service organisation until 1979, when the Sierra Leone Navy was established. The current president is Julius Maada Bio. These Police Commissioners report directly to the Inspector General of Police at the Sierra Leone Police headquarters in Freetown. [202] Catholics are the largest group of non-Protestant Christians in Sierra Leone, forming about 8% of Sierra Leone's population and 26% of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. Lansana placed Stevens under house arrest in Freetown and insisted that the determination of the Prime Minister should await the election of the tribal representatives to the House. A woman can be the head of the house only if she remains single for the rest of her life. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. In the 1972 by-elections, the opposition SLPP complained of intimidation and procedural obstruction by the APC and militia. Overfishing is also an issue in Sierra Leone. The current Governor of the Bank of Sierra Leone Kaifala Marah is an ethnic Kuranko. Eventually, "Elections before Peace" won the debate. "Female Genital Cutting: Current Practices and Beliefs in Western Africa." [160] This change will attempt to encourage foreign investment while providing affordable, quality solar products to its citizens. [224][225] Yellow fever and malaria are endemic to Sierra Leone. Slave owner Edward Long criticized marriage between black men and white women. The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. [50] The initial process of society-building in Freetown was a harsh struggle. By January 2002, the war was declared over. Bureh was allowed to return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh. However, females face gender discrimination making them the target of lower incomes and financial struggle. He was a close ally of Albert Margai, who had appointed him to the position in 1964. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. In August 2017, one new province (Northwestern), two new districts (Falaba and Karene) and. The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. Dozens of soldiers loyal to the ousted president Momoh were arrested, including Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya and Major Yayah Turay. There are a number of cultural attractions in Freetown, such as the Sierra Leone National Museum and various historical landmarks related to the founding of the city. The Western Area Urban District is one of the 16 districts of Sierra Leone. The largest city is Freetown with a population of 836 574. 2020-02-06 Bumbuna is a town in the central of Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. [38] Many of these Loyalists had been slaves who had escaped to join the British, lured by promises of freedom (emancipation). The Sierra Leone Police under Bambay Kamara's leadership was accused of physical violence, arrest and intimidation against critics of President Momoh's government. Lieutenant Sandy was given a state funeral and his funeral prayers service at the cathedral church in Freetown was attended by many high-ranking soldiers of the NPRC junta, including Strasser himself and NPRC deputy leader Sergeant Solomon Musa. Home Counties and Regions Maps Sierra Leone Provinces and Districts. Manga Sewa was born in Falaba, Solima chiefdom, in the Northern Province of British Sierra Leone to Yalunka parents. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. Stevens began efforts that would later improve transportation and movements between the provinces and the city of Freetown. With the emergence of the slave trade, human trafficking became the major commodity and indigenes were sold as slaves. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. Port Loko, the capital city of this province, was named for the Loko people and was established by Portuguese merchants. The country has a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. During the British annexation in Sierra Leone, several chiefs in the northern and southern parts of the country were resisting the "hut tax" imposed by the colonial administrators but they used diplomacy to achieve their goal. The British fired first; the northern front of mainly Temne people was led by Bai Bureh. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. Area figures are derived from geospatial data. [200] The Council of Churches is the Christian religious organisation that is made up of Protestant churches across Sierra Leone. [213] Students at primary schools are usually 6 to 12 years old, and in secondary schools 13 to 18. "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. The situation is particularly serious as fishing provides the only source of income for many communities in a country still recovering from over a decade of civil war.[112]. The Lungi International Airport located in the coastal town of Lungi in Northern Sierra Leone is the primary airport for domestic and international travel to or from Sierra Leone. Many sufferers try to cure themselves with the help of traditional healers. As the sole candidate, Momoh was elected president without opposition and sworn in as Sierra Leone's second president on 28 November 1985 in Freetown. [96] The epidemic also led to the Ouse to Ouse Tock in September 2014, a nationwide three-day quarantine. Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. Based on the commission's recommendations, a constitution re-establishing a multi-party system was approved by the exclusive APC Parliament by a 60% majority vote, becoming effective on 1 October 1991. The first of these goals is to provide solar power to at least 50,000 homes in 2016, the second is 250,000 homes by 2017, and finally to provide power to 1,000,000 people by 2020. In November 1951, Margai oversaw the drafting of a new constitution, which united the separate Colonial and Protectorate legislatures and provided a framework for decolonisation. The Eastern Province is the center of the countrys diamond mining industry. Bombali District, Sierra Leone map with nearby places of interest (Wikipedia articles, food, lodging, parks, etc). [101], Sierra Leone is located on the southwest coast of West Africa, lying mostly between latitudes 7 and 10N (a small area is south of 7), and longitudes 10 and 14W. No style is the best. [248][249][250][251][252][253] Some subjects are seen as taboo by society and members of the political elite; imprisonment and violence have been used by the political establishment against journalists. Black migrants elected different levels of political representatives, 'tithingmen', who represented each dozen settlers and 'hundreders' who represented larger amounts. The districts of Sierra Leone The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts. The Susu and their related Yalunka are traders; both groups are primarily found in the far north in Kambia and Koinadugu District close to the border with Guinea. He was found guilty and sentenced to death, despite the fact that it was Bangura whose actions led to Stevens return to power. The Oku are virtually all Muslims at about 99%. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. The Kuranko are largely Muslim majority. Other figures are estimates from the source cited. Some of that is smuggled, where it is possibly used for money laundering or financing illicit activities. Sierra Leone as a country lies between latitude and longitude 12.2 degrees west and 8.5 degrees north respectively. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. They predominate in the large towns, most notably Karina, in Bombali District in the north; Kabala and Falaba in Koinadugu District in the north; and Yengema, Kono District in the east of the country. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. By the 1990s, economic activity was declining and economic infrastructure had become seriously degraded. Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. Although the sector was seriously affected during the Civil War, there has been a steady improvement in recent years. town in the district of the same name and was the colonial rulers . Economic Community of West African States, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone, First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone, "Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Sierra Leone", "National Electoral Commission Press Release", "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Sierra Leone, "Inter-religious cooperation can be vital asset for rebuilding Sierra Leone UN expert", "The Establishment of the Sierra Leone Protectorate and the Insurrection of 1898", "Transition without Rupture: Sierra Leone's Transfer Election of 1996", "The British Experience in Africa and Oman", "Pedro da intra did not name Sierra Leone: An Exploration into available evidence", Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain, Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century, https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1991_num_31_121_2116, https://www.academia.edu/40720522/A_Precis_of_Sources_relating_to_genealogical_research_on_the_Sierra_Leone_Krio_people, "Reconstructing the Life Histories of Enslaved Africans: Sierra Leone, c. 180819", The International Journal of African Historical Studies, "House of Commons International Development Memoranda", "Sierra Leone Web Sierra Leonean Heroes Achievement of Independence", "Sierra Leone was ripe for Independence: Exclusive interview with Reginald Boltman", "Sierra Leone: Viewpoint Celebrating a New Nation! 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