russian gypsy last names

The most common type of federal subject with a governor and locally elected legislature. ", "Russia: Growing Internet Isolation, Control, Censorship", "Putin's aggressive autocracy reduces Russian soft power to ashes", "New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption", "Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective", "Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery", "Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System", "Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine", "Russia Sees a Threat in Its Converts to Islam", "U.S. Report Says Russia Among 'Worst Violators' Of Religious Freedom", "Russian killings and kidnaps extend dirty war in Ingushetia", "Putin's Savage War Against Russia's 'New Muslims', "Russian Crackdown on Muslims Fuels Exodus to IS", "Abuse of Chechens and Ingush in Russian Prisons Creates Legions of Enemies", "Russia is depopulating parts of eastern Ukraine, forcibly removing thousands into remote parts of Russia", "International Reserves of the Russian Federation (End of period)", "List of importing markets for the product exported by Russian Federation in 2021", "List of supplying markets for the product imported by Russian Federation in 2021", "Frequently Asked Questions on Energy Security Analysis", "Will Russia ever leave fossil fuels behind? [22] There are two words in Russian which are commonly translated into English as "Russians" one is "code: rus promoted to code: ru " (russkiyecode: rus promoted to code: ru ), which most often refers to ethnic Russians and the other is "code: rus promoted to code: ru " (rossiyanecode: rus promoted to code: ru ), which refers to citizens of Russia, regardless of ethnicity. [627], Football is the most popular sport in Russia. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. [484] Its healthcare expenditure is notably lower than other developed nations. [297] Since 2011, the Economist Intelligence Unit has ranked Russia as an "authoritarian regime" in its Democracy Index, ranking it 124th out of 167 countries for 2021. This project is fully entitled to be called an anticipated one, because the Russian Cuban collaboration is a strategic direction actively developed as more and more young people are interested in the Russian language, the Education navigator informs. Greene, by Samuel A. and Graeme B. Robertson. ", "CDL-REF(2021)010 Opinion No. [30] Russian is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station,[31] as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations.[32]. [641][642], Historically, Russian athletes have been one of the most successful contenders in the Olympic Games. [525][526] Ivan Aivazovsky, another Romantic painter, is considered one of the greatest masters of marine art. [186] In 2008, Putin took the post of prime minister, while Dmitry Medvedev was elected president for one term, to hold onto power despite legal term limits;[187] this period has been described as a "tandemocracy. About 2 million years ago, representatives of Homo erectus migrated to the Taman Peninsula in southern Russia. [503], The 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema. [457][458] The amendments of 2020 to the constitution added, in the Article 67, the continuity of the Russian state in history based on preserving "the memory of the ancestors" and general "ideals and belief in God" which the ancestors conveyed. [340] In 2019, the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry estimated the value of natural resources to be 60% of the country's GDP. [372] It was also the world's first country to develop civilian nuclear power, and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant. [64][65], In the 20th century, Russian was a mandatory language taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. [5] Many Russians practise other religions, including Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism),[462] Assianism (Scythian Neopaganism),[463] other ethnic Paganisms, and inter-Pagan movements such as Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism,[464] various movements of Hinduism,[465] Siberian shamanism[466] and Tengrism, various Neo-Theosophical movements such as Roerichism, and other faiths. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily, and German sometimes. Source: Energoatom, Ukraine's state company that runs all nuclear power plants in this country Quote: "The Russian invaders in the satellite city [196] As a result, Russia was expelled from the Council of Europe in March,[197] and was suspended from the United Nations Human Rights Council in April. [76] The reign of PeterI's daughter Elizabeth in 17411762 saw Russia's participation in the Seven Years' War (17561763). [citation needed], Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. [569] Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels. [17] However, the proper name[which?] Russian emergency services told the state-run news agency Interfax that the sergeant accidentally detonated a hand grenade which caused ammunition to blow up and started a fire. [189] It was the first European war of the 21st century. [citation needed], In Uzbekistan, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. [440] There are over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. Each is nominally autonomoushome to a specific. [600] Beef Stroganoff,[601]:266 Chicken Kiev,[601]:320 pelmeni,[602] and shashlyk are popular meat dishes. [citation needed], During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. 31 Dec 1999: Putin Presidency begins in Russia. [254] The federal districts of Russia were established by Putin in 2000 to facilitate central government control of the federal subjects. [423], Major tourist routes in Russia include a journey around the Golden Ring of Russia, a theme route of ancient Russian cities, cruises on large rivers such as the Volga, hikes on mountain ranges such as the Caucasus Mountains,[424] and journeys on the famous Trans-Siberian Railway. 1, 2018 (In Print), Weekly 571 572 14 31 2013. [84] The morphology features a palatalized final /t/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). (T syel pechenye? [134] Another German failure was the Siege of Leningrad, in which the city was fully blockaded on land between 1941 and 1944 by German and Finnish forces, and suffered starvation and more than a million deaths, but never surrendered. [32], The Kurgan hypothesis places the Volga-Dnieper region of southern Russia and Ukraine as the urheimat of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The following table gives their upper case forms, along with IPA values for each letter's typical sound: Older letters of the Russian alphabet include , which merged to (/je/ or /e/); and , which both merged to (/i/); , which merged to (/f/); , which merged to (/u/); , which merged to (/ju/ or /u/); and and , which later were graphically reshaped into and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /a/. [163] On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged. The number of native Russian-speaking Israelis numbers around 1.5million Israelis,[74] 15% of the population. [397] lie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in immunology. [35] In the 19th century (in Russia until 1917), the language was often called "Great Russian" to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called "White Russian" and Ukrainian, then called "Little Russian". [236] Although in decline, the country still has many ecosystems which are still onsidered intact forest; mainly in the northern taiga areas, and the subarctic tundra of Siberia. [59]:1120 While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the region in the early 14th century,[60] gradually becoming the leading force in the "gathering of the Russian lands". [349] Economists suggest the sanctions will have a long-term effect over the Russian economy. [70], In Tajikistan, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under the Constitution of Tajikistan and is permitted in official documentation. A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. [535] The 16th-century saw the development of the unique tent-like churches; and the onion dome design, which is a distinctive feature of Russian architecture. Ethnic groups in Russia with a population of over 1 million according to the 2010 census. [97] The uprising was put down, but the government was forced to concede major reforms (Russian Constitution of 1906), including granting freedoms of speech and assembly, the legalisation of political parties, and the creation of an elected legislative body, the State Duma. WebThe Russians (Russian: , romanized: russkie) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe, who share a common Russian ancestry, culture, and history. [51] Among 12%[53] of the population who grew up in the Soviet era can speak Russian, other generations of citizens that do not have any knowledge of Russian. [449], Russia is a multilingual nation; approximately 100150 minority languages are spoken across the country. The phoneme /ts/ is generally considered to be always hard; however, loan words such as and some other neologisms contain /ts/ through the word-building processes (e.g. The standard language, based on the Moscow dialect, possesses heavy stress and moderate variation in pitch. Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. The yers and originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced //, //. [421] In 2019, travel and tourism accounted for about 4.8% of country's total GDP. The Russian republic was established immediately after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and became a union republic in 1922. [428] Russia is famed worldwide for its rich museums, such as the State Russian, the State Hermitage, and the Tretyakov Gallery; and for theatres such as the Bolshoi and the Mariinsky. Soledar has been the centre of Russian aggression in recent days as it lies [152] Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth, aboard the Vostok1 manned spacecraft on 12 April 1961. Education in Russian is still a popular choice for both Russian as a second language (RSL) and native speakers in Russia, and in many former Soviet republics. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey,[66] fluency in Russian remains fairly high (2040%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian[further explanation needed] (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria). Available for over a year. 992/2020 Russian Federation Constitution", "Suspending Disbelief: 'Cults' and Postmodernism in Post-Soviet Russia", " : vs ", "Scythian Neo-Paganism in the Caucasus: The Ossetian Uatsdin as a 'Nature Religion', " ' ', "Freedom of Conscience in Russia: Restrictions and Challenges in 2020", "Jehovah's Witnesses as Extremists: The Russian State, Religious Pluralism, and Human Rights", "Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Russian Federation", "Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation", "Russian rivieia: from Soviet sanatoriums to lush gardens, your walking guide to seaside Sochi", "Constraints on Universal Health Care in the Russian Federation", United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, "Healthcare in Russia: the Russian healthcare system explained", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Analysis of the Financing of Russian Health Care over the Past 100 Years", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, "Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) Russian Federation", "Why does Russia have such high cardiovascular mortality rates? )[citation needed]. USA Foreign Service Institute Russian basic course, Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_language&oldid=1133342932, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Russian-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2022, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing Old East Slavic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2014, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [537], After the reforms of Peter the Great, Russia's architecture became influenced by Western European styles. The country is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; a member state of the G20, the SCO, BRICS, the APEC, the OSCE, and the WTO; and is the leading member state of the CIS, the CSTO, and the EAEU. [77], In Vietnam, Russian has been added in the elementary curriculum along with Chinese and Japanese and were named as "first foreign languages" for Vietnamese students to learn, on equal footing with English. [632][633] The Russian national football team reached the semi-finals of Euro 2008. The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly Russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. Russian, the most spoken Slavic language, is the shared mother tongue of the Russians; and Orthodox Christianity is their historical religion since the 11th century. [149] The general easement of repressive policies became known later as the Khrushchev Thaw. [382] Owing to its large coastline along three oceans and twelve marginal seas, Russia maintains the world's sixth-largest fishing industry; capturing nearly 5 million tons of fish in 2018. [143] Russia is a member of the G20, the OSCE, and the APEC. [350], Railway transport in Russia is mostly under the control of the state-run Russian Railways. ", Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, "Leninism: What It Was and What It Was Not", "7 kinds of Russian bread you'll want to bite the crust off of", "When it comes to bread, Russians don't loaf", "Spotlight on Smetana: Russia's Sour Cream", "Understanding Russia's obsession with mayonnaise", "From sizzling shashlik to spicy seekh kebabs: barbecue recipes from around the world", "Russian Vinegret salad: Super-easy and super-traditional", "Map: Where the world's biggest vodka drinkers are", Obzor rossiyskogo rynka alkogol'noy produktsii. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. [432], Since the 1990s, Russia's death rate has exceeded its birth rate, which some analysts have called a demographic crisis. [105] In the aftermath of signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk that concluded hostilities with the Central Powers of World WarI; Bolshevist Russia surrendered most of its western territories, which hosted 34% of its population, 54% of its industries, 32% of its agricultural land, and roughly 90% of its coal mines. For example, ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and ('mouse'), mysh or my'. [644] Russia has produced numerous prominent tennis players. [454] However, various experts have claimed Russia's linguistic diversity is rapidly declining due to many languages becoming endangered. [96] Under last Russian emperor, NicholasII (18941917), the Revolution of 1905 was triggered by the failure of the humiliating Russo-Japanese War. Language size", " . (mlodets "fine young man"), (uznyu "I shall learn it") (uznay "I recognize it"), (otrezt "to be cutting") (otrzat "to have cut"); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names, like (afra, "scandal, affair"), (gru, "guru"), (Garca), (Olsha), (Fermi), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence, for example ? The Russian invaders are preparing to defend the city of Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, by setting up barracks and ammunition storage points in the basements of residential buildings. [153] Following the ousting of Khrushchev in 1964, another period of collective rule ensued, until Leonid Brezhnev became the leader. [63], Led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow, the united army of Russian principalities inflicted a milestone defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. Russian, like other During the post-World War II era, Russia was a central player in international affairs, locked in a Cold War struggle with the United States.In 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia joined with In a statement, the military said the soldiers "went together to Hell" after they were struck by missiles. ? [489] Obesity is a prevalent health issue in Russia; 61.1% of Russian adults were overweight or obese in 2016. [53], In Turkmenistan, Russian lost its status as the official lingua franca in 1996. In 1703, on the Baltic Sea, Peter founded Saint Petersburg as Russia's new capital. [370] Russia is the world's fourth-largest electricity producer,[371] and the ninth-largest renewable energy producer in 2019. [485] Russia has one of the world's most female-biased sex ratios, with 0.859 males to every female,[7] due to its high male mortality rate. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism. [98] Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. [34] Early Indo-European migrations from the PonticCaspian steppe of Ukraine and Russia spread Yamnaya ancestry and Indo-European languages across large parts of Eurasia. BBC. [544], Until the 18th-century, music in Russia consisted mainly of church music and folk songs and dances. Ultimately, by the end of the 16th century, Russia expanded east of the Ural Mountains. [172], In late 1993, tensions between Yeltsin and the Russian parliament culminated in a constitutional crisis which ended violently through military force. ", " ", "Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain', "Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals", "Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009", "Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries", "For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future", : , "Window on Eurasia New Series: Percentage of Native Speakers of Russian Higher in Israel than in Most Former Soviet Republics", "Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum", "Language Use in the United States: 2007, census.gov", "Russian is now the second most used language on the web", "Esperanto: its origins and early history", "RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets", https://www.rbth.com/education/328851-dialects-russian-language/amp, "Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other? [609] The country has the world's highest vodka consumption,[610] while beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage. So, (tsaplya, 'heron') has been recorded as (chaplya). In winter, temperatures get colder both from south to north and from west to east. O'Brien, New EnglishRussian and RussianEnglish Dictionary (New Orthography), New York, The Language Library 1944, Dover Publications. [158] Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the world's second-largest, but during its final years, it went into a crisis. [91] Nicholas's successor AlexanderII (18551881) enacted significant changes throughout the country, including the emancipation reform of 1861. [381], Various analysts of climate change adaptation foresee large opportunities for Russian agriculture during the rest of the 21st century as arability increases in Siberia, which would lead to both internal and external migration to the region. Rossiyane ( ), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity. [217], Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans,[209] has links with a great number of seas. 2 mins. Such verbs also take on different forms to distinguish between concrete and abstract motion. [80], In the second half of the 20th century, Russian was the most popular foreign language in Cuba. Coordinates: 66N 94E / 66N 94E / 66; 94. [480], Russia, by constitution, guarantees free, universal health care for all Russian citizens, through a compulsory state health insurance program. [566] From the early 1830s, during the Golden Age of Russian Poetry, literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. Throughout his rule, sweeping reforms were made, which brought significant Western European cultural influences to Russia. It retains its classical and Soviet-era architecture; while boasting high art, world class ballet, and modern skyscrapers. [475] It spent roughly 4.7% of its GDP on education in 2018. Russian is an East Slavic language of the wider Ino-European family. [122], The Soviet Union entered World War II on 17 September 1939 with its invasion of Poland,[123] in accordance with a secret protocol within the MolotovRibbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany. [41] In classical antiquity, the Pontic-Caspian Steppe was known as Scythia. The Russian president this week hailed his 'prisoner army' with his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - and knows - its heroes'. Stress, which is often unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically,[33] though an optional acute accent may be used to mark stress such as to distinguish between homographic words (e.g. [222] Ladoga and Onega in northwestern Russia are two of the largest lakes in Europe. [129]:7, Eventually, some 5 million Red Army troops were captured by the Nazis;[130]:272 the latter deliberately starved to death or otherwise killed 3.3million Soviet POWs, and a vast number of civilians, as the "Hunger Plan" sought to fulfill Generalplan Ost. Smorodinskaya, Tatiana, and Karen Evans-Romaine, eds. Russian is also spoken in Israel. Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. [577][578] The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. Earlier, Crump illustrated the Russian perspective on the radio show Nieuwsweekend (5 February). [503] In 1969, Vladimir Motyl's White Sun of the Desert was released, a very popular film in a genre of ostern; the film is traditionally watched by cosmonauts before any trip into space. [355] Among Russia's 1,218 airports,[356] the busiest is Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. [citation needed] The law faced criticism from officials in Russia. [citation needed], The political upheavals of the early 20th century and the wholesale changes of political ideology gave written Russian its modern appearance after the spelling reform of 1918. [160] On 17 March, a referendum was held, in which the vast majority of participating citizens voted in favour of changing the Soviet Union into a renewed federation. Ivan Goncharov is remembered mainly for his novel Oblomov. [437] Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the demographic crisis in the country has deepened,[438] as the country has faced a renewed brain drain and human capital flight caused by Western mass-sanctions and boycotts. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. [561] Pop music has continued to flourish in Russia since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u. Websites in former Soviet Union member states also used high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. [52] The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. This article incorporates text from a free content work. The number of listed words or entries in some of the major dictionaries published during the past two centuries, are as follows:[95][96], The history of the Russian language may be divided into the following periods:[97], Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. [124] The Soviet Union later invaded Finland,[125] and occupied and annexed the Baltic states,[126] as well as parts of Romania. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus", "Article 7. This era had poets such as Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, Konstantin Balmont,[579] Marina Tsvetaeva, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Osip Mandelshtam. [119] The transitional disorganisation of the country's agriculture, combined with the harsh state policies and a drought,[120] led to the Soviet famine of 19321933; which killed up to 8.7 million, 3.3 million of them in the Russian SFSR. A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. [citation needed], Prior to the Bolshevik Revolution, the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoise. [178] In 1992, most consumer price controls were eliminated, causing extreme inflation and significantly devaluing the rouble. Russia is among the world's most educated countries, and has the sixth-highest proportion of tertiary-level graduates in terms of percentage of population, at 62.1%. [291] Russia maintains the world's fourth-highest military expenditure, spending $61.7 billion in 2020. [7] Russia has a low official unemployment rate of 4.1%. [337][338] It relies heavily on revenues from oil and gas-related taxes and export tariffs, which accounted for 45% of Russia's federal budget revenues in January 2022,[339] and up to 60% of its exports in 2019. [46], By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. [199], The European Parliament designated Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism and as a state that "uses means of terrorism" in November 2022, citing attacks against civilians, war crimes, and atrocities. [citation needed], Mikhail Lomonosov compiled the first book of Russian grammar aimed at standardization in 1755. Russian is also spoken as a second language by a small number of people in Afghanistan. [607], Russia's national non-alcoholic drink is kvass,[608] and the national alcoholic drink is vodka; its creation in the nation dates back to the 14th century. WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. 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